Producing organic clean soil for high-tech agricultural greenhouses

I. The necessity of project construction.
For our country, developing hi-tech agriculture in association with processing industry and consumption market is one of the major policies of the Party and State. Currently, many localities have developed and implemented programs to develop hi-tech agriculture, especially in big cities such as Hanoi, Hai Phong, and Ho Chi Minh City. Ho Chi Minh City and some provinces such as Lam Dong have implemented investment in building hi-tech agricultural zones with different forms, sizes and results achieved at different levels.

According to the Department of Agriculture and Rural Development of Tien Giang province, from 2010 to now, the agricultural sector of this province has effectively applied many policies to encourage production and investment towards applied agriculture. high technology. That is the policy to support agricultural production; supportive policies to reduce losses in agriculture; support cooperative development in the period 2015 – 2020; encourage the development of cooperation, link production associated with the consumption of agricultural products, build “Large field” etc.

Decision No. 142/QD-TTg dated January 28, 2015 of the Prime Minister on Approval of the adjusted master plan on socio-economic development of Tien Giang province to 2020, with orientation to 2030. also clearly stated the goal of building specialized farming areas for the production of key crops and livestock products with competitive advantages, effectively mobilizing resources, promoting the application of science and technology to develop standards. cultivate and raise the technology content in products, gradually build and develop hi-tech agricultural production zones and zones.

Faced with that situation, we collaborated with Project Viet to conduct research and set up an investment project “Building a hi-tech agricultural production zone in greenhouses and producing organic vegetables.”

II. Project objectives.
II.1. General objective.
Organization of technology reception, experimentation of technical measures, building high-tech agricultural production models.

The technologies applied in the project implementation mainly focus on high technology, advanced technology compared to the agricultural production technology of the country. Contributing to the economic development of the home.

Forming a point model in high-tech agricultural production, products are exported to the world’s top fastidious markets such as Japan, Singapore, etc.

To build a modern and sustainable development of agriculture with large commodity production on the basis of promoting comparative advantages in geographical location and natural resources; developing towards green agriculture, applying high technology to increase productivity, quality, efficiency and competitiveness; improve the efficiency of using land, water, labor and investment resources.

The technologies applied in the project implementation mainly focus on high technology, advanced technology compared to the agricultural production technology in the district. Contributing to the economic development of Chau Thanh district in general as well as Tien Giang province in general.

II.2. Detail goal.
Build greenhouses (greenhouses, net houses with attached equipment) to receive technology (high-tech vegetable production) and organize experimentation of technical measures (improvement to suit the conditions of Vietnam). local), demonstration of production technology transfer.

When the project goes into production with 100% capacity, the project annually provides the export market with about 240 tons of vegetables of all kinds according to GLOBALGAP standards; 300 tons of high quality cantaloupe, serving export to Japan, Singapore and EU markets.
Produced according to GLOBALGAP standards with almost fully automatic technology.

III. Trends of application of high technology in vegetable production in the world.

– High technology in vegetable production is applied in all stages of seed selection, soil preparation, fertilization, care, harvesting, processing and preservation. to improve labor efficiency, lower product costs and create products of high value, well received by the market. Specifically like:

– Breeding technology: This is a technology commonly applied in the research and selection of plant varieties (including vegetable plants) and livestock with superior properties for efficiency and high productivity. or has high tolerance to external conditions, contributing to accelerating the development in terms of productivity and quality of crops and livestock, with high application demand in agriculture.

– In vitro plant tissue culture technology: Tissue culture technology has been applied by more than 600 large companies in the world to rapidly propagate disease-free seedlings. The market for seedlings propagated by tissue transplantation is about 15 billion USD/year and the growth rate is about 15%/year.

– Technology of growing plants in greenhouses: now called greenhouses due to the use of polyethylene film roofs instead of glass (green house) or net house. In the world, the technology of growing plants in the greenhouse has been completed to a high level for the cultivation of vegetables and flowers. For each different region, the greenhouse models and the control system for the elements in the greenhouse

The glass also has certain changes to suit the climatic conditions of each region, in which the control system can be automatic or semi-automatic.

– Technology of growing plants in solution (hydroponics), aeroponics and on substrates: In which hydroponics techniques are based on the provision of nutrients through water (fertigation), aeroponics techniques (aeroponics) – nutrients are provided to plants in the form of misting and growing techniques – nutrients are mainly provided in liquid form through inert media. The technique of growing plants on solid media (solid media culture) is actually an improved method of hydroponic growing technology because this medium is made from inert materials and provides a nutrient solution to grow plants.

– Drip irrigation technology: This technology is developing very strongly in countries with developed agriculture, especially in countries where irrigation water is becoming a matter of strategic importance. Usually a drip irrigation system is fitted with a flow controller and provides fertilizer for each crop, thereby saving water and fertilizer.

In addition, the project also provides the market with about 240,000 high-tech flower branches to the domestic market and export.
All products of the project are attached with barcodes, from which the origin of goods can be traced to each stage in the production process.

IV. Analysis and selection of technical and technological options.
1. Membrane technology.
With the advantage of greenhouses (greenhouses) to help cover rain, houses to help prevent pests and diseases, to take full initiative in creating optimal living conditions for plants to achieve optimal yield and quality. At the same time, the house can grow all kinds of vegetables and fruits all year round, especially vegetables that are difficult to grow outdoors in the rainy season and limit pests and diseases, etc. Therefore, choosing technology for greenhouses and net houses is very important. suitable for farming conditions of urban agriculture, high-tech agriculture.

2. Hydroponic vegetable growing technology.
Hydroponics means growing plants in a solution without soil. In the past, this method was quite complicated, expensive and often only those with experience and knowledge could do it. But today according to technology: Simple hydroponic system for urban food production (Simplified hydroponic system for urban food production) McGill University, Canada, the hydroponic process of clean vegetables by hydroponic system (reflux and non-reflux) , convenient, easy to apply, suitable for urban agriculture, high-tech agriculture.

3. Technology for labeling and packaging products with barcodes.
A barcode is a group of alternating parallel lines and spaces. These codes are often printed or pasted on the surface of products and goods … with stamps that have been printed and barcoded. If the ID card helps us distinguish one person from another, the goods code is the “identity card” of the goods, helping us to quickly and accurately distinguish different types of goods. At the same time, through which the product management process can be clearer during production and storage.

4. Technology for processing, packaging, preserving and processing cantaloupe after harvest.
Cantaloupe is subject to many factors affecting quality and organoleptic as well as nutrition, spoilage rate, and post-harvest storage time. The internal factors are that after harvest, melons still continue some physiological and biochemical processes such as respiration, transpiration, ethylene gas production, ripening, fungal diseases, etc., causing melons to wilt and decrease. mass of dry matter, peel and flesh soften, no longer crisp and can be completely spoiled; reduce storage time; susceptible to mechanical damage when transported over long distances,… External factors also significantly affect the storage time and damage rate such as temperature, air humidity, oxygen content, ethylene gas. , carbon dioxide content, fungal diseases, bacteria infecting the surface.

5. GLOBALGAP production technology.
Ensuring food safety and hygiene from farm to table is the goal that the whole human community is aiming for. Farming for food is the first link of the food supply chain, so ensuring the hygiene and safety of agricultural products is extremely decisive for the safety and hygiene of food on the table. .

6. The project’s vegetable and fruit preliminary processing technology.
Preliminary processing is an extremely important step in determining food hygiene and safety, especially vegetables, because this is a perishable and variable food. The application of technology to preliminary processing of vegetables helps to shorten the time in this process and ensure freshness when it reaches consumers.

first/. Vegetables, tubers and fruits are classified separately and put into automatic preliminary processing lines.
2/. Remove old, damaged leaves, vegetables, fruits, choose good vegetables, classify by quality and size.
3/. Vegetables and fruits will follow the conveyor belt to be washed with clean water for the first time. The clean water system continuously reverses to help wash away the mud without crushing or crushing vegetables and fruits.
4/. Soak for the second time in 2-3 ppm ozone water, 15 minutes.
5/. Rinse with clean water
6/. Vegetables, tubers and fruits will be transferred to the drying stage

In excess water clinging to vegetables and fruits, avoid being crushed and washed.
7/. Pack vegetables and fruits after draining.